3.9. Statistical Analysis

All values are reported as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 19.0 software. The raw data collected by UPLC-QTOF-MS were processed using the open software package MZmine 2 to obtain the peak list of the 1353 × 55 matrix [48]. The matrix was then imported into SIMCA-P 14.1 for principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). A histogram drawing was generated using GraphPad Prism 9.0.0 software. Principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and graph drawing were performed using SIMCA 14.1 software. Heat maps were created using TBtools v.1.108 software. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis diagrams were drawn using the OmicStudio online tool (https://www.omicstudio.cn/tool) accessed on 1 January 2022. The MS/MS molecular network was constructed using the GNPS (Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking) platform, and data visualization was carried out using Cytoscape 3.8.2 software.