Participants

Participants were recruited through flyers distributed to a public university in a metropolitan community. Participants were required to be 18 to 35 with a history of concussion(s) or no history of concussion(s) and possess sufficient English language skills to complete questionnaires. Participants were excluded if they were: under 18 or over 35 years, had a lower extremity musculoskeletal injury in the prior three months; history of a head injury in the past year; or diagnosis of a visual, vestibular, or balance disorder, had limited cervical range of motion that would interfere with horizontal head movements, were unable to complete the SOT or had fall reactions to SOT Conditions 5 and 6, had an acute concussion within seven days of participation in the study, had a history of migraines or severe motion intolerance. Participants were had to have not consumed alcohol for 24 hours before participating in testing.

Telephone screening was used to ascertain eligibility. Participants meeting study criteria were provided information about the purpose of the research and the potential risks. Participants provided written informed consent. Experimental procedures were approved by the institutional review board associated with the study. Participants completed a personal/medical history form prior to testing to ensure there were no reasons for exclusion.