This study complied with all relevant ethical regulations for work with human participants, and written informed consent was obtained for use of samples and data for this analysis. The pediatric cohort study was approved by a single Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the University of Utah (protocol #00088656). The adult cohort study was approved by the UCSF IRB (protocol #10-02701). For both cohorts, the IRBs approved of an initial waiver consent for obtaining excess respiratory samples and informed consent was subsequently obtained from parents or other legal guardians (pediatric patients) and from patients or their surrogates (adult patients). No compensation was given for study participation.
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