Fifty Wistar rats (7–8 weeks old, CLEA Japan, Inc., Osaka, Japan), weighing 250–300 g, were used in this study. The rats were housed and maintained on a 12-hour light-dark cycle in individual cages with free access to food and water.
All experimental protocols were approved by the Animal Welfare Committee of Nara Medical University (approval numbers: 12246, 12471, 12535, 12554, 12721, 12729).
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