Study design and data

From the 495 prevalent AF cases in the UK Biobank cohort, we selected all the patients with AF who underwent both ECG and the CMR scan and the corresponding segmentation of the Left Ventricle (LV) and Right Ventricle (RV) cavities as well as the left and right atria were available (n = 383). To analyze the differences between sexes, we separated the data into female (n = 121) and male (n = 262) participants. Of these, 45 women and 49 men were in sinus rhythm at the time of their ECG recording. The healthy controls were defined as participants who were not diagnosed with AF and had a normal sinus rhythm on their ECG. For the healthy controls, we considered the first 2000 UK Biobank participants for computational purposes with ECG and CMR imaging. To avoid unbalanced models, the same number of healthy controls were randomly selected for each sex (Fig. 4).

The process to select the data from the UK Biobank.