2.2. Measurements

A self-designed online questionnaire was used to collect data (Supplementary materials, http://links.lww.com/MD/L5), including demographic characteristics (e.g. age, gender, grade and specialty) and times of voluntary service at university, the attitude of the person they consulted, the reasons for students’ engagement in voluntary service, their anxiety about engaging in voluntary service during the COVID-19 pandemic, their training in knowledge and skills about COVID-19, the work they engaged in during the service, the knowledge and skills they had improved and those they would like to improve, and their feelings about engaging in voluntary service during the COVID-19 pandemic (an open-ended question).