Design

This cross-sectional analysis used baseline data from ELSA-Brasil, a multicenter prospective cohort that enrolled 15,105 civil servants aged 35-75 years, from public institutions of higher education and/or research located in six Brazilian state capitals: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais/ Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (UFMG-CEFET); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ); Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES); Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA); and Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). The ELSA-Brasil baseline was established between 2008 and 2010 and further information about that study can be found in other publications.^21,22,23 Approvals were obtained from the Research Ethics Committees of the institutions (CAAE 0016.1.198.000-06), and from the National Research Ethics Committee (CONEP 13065, Brasília, August 4, 2006). All the subjects signed an informed consent statement.