2.4. Enrollment and patient demographics

A total of 108 consecutive patients were found suitable for further investigation (Table 1). All patients included provided oral and written consent for participation in the present study. Forty‐seven out of 108 patients underwent ARP with Bio‐Oss® (∼25 mg for 1–2 alveoli), ∼4–7 months before implant placement.

Demographic information

Note: Gender: Ratio of M to F participants. Site: Ratio of Max to Mand cases. Smoking: Percentage incidence of current smoking history. Periodontitis: Percentage incidence of the previous history of stage III or IV periodontitis.

Abbreviations: ARP, alveolar ridge preservation; F, female; M, male; Mand, mandible; Max, maxilla.

This retrospective cohort study included 108 systemically healthy patients (54 males and 54 females) aged between 26 and 87 years (Table 1). ARP was performed in 47 patients (designated as ARP⁺), 6 months before placement of 127 implants (2.7 ± 1.9 implants per patient). The remaining 61 patients received 182 implants (2.98 ± 1.8 implants per patient) without ARP (designated as ARP⁻). A total of 143 implants were placed in the maxilla and 166 implants in the mandible. Out of the 108 patients, 38 had previously received treatment for stage III or IV periodontitis, in accordance with the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐Implant Diseases and Conditions (Papapanou et al., 2018). At the time of implant placement, all patients were periodontally healthy. Ninety‐six out of the 308 implant sites were single‐rooted. Thirty‐eight percent of the extractions were due to periodontal disease.