NSVA was considered satisfactory for upper tracheal surgery if the patients had stable spontaneous ventilation (VT 3–5 mL/kg, RR 10–15 times/min, FiO2 0.5–1.0), pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) >90%, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in arterial blood <80 mmHg, as well as stable breathing movements and hemodynamics.
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