Penetration of Chitosan Nanoparticles Into Biofilms

Chitosan nanoparticles were labeled with rhodamine B isothiocyanate (CSNPs-RBITC) as previously described (Pu et al., 2014). An autoclaved medical grade silicone platelet (3-mm-diameter, Websinger, Austria) was placed in each well of the 96-well microplate. C. albicans DAY 185 biofilms were formed on medical grade silicone platelets for 24 h as described above in the 96-well microplate and mixed with RBITC-CSNPs (100 μg/ml) for 2 h and washed with PBS. The penetration of CSNPs was determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).