Education deciles, estimated from UK postcode using the English Indices of Deprivation, 38 provided an index of socio-economic status. This measure has been associated with cognitive performance in SCA patients, 39 and reflects educational attainment in local areas based on several indicators: (a) average scores for pupils in state-funded schools at ages 7–11 and 14–16 years, (b) absence from state-funded secondary schools, (c) the proportion of people staying on in education/training post 16 years, entry to higher education, and (d) proportion of working adults with no/low qualifications and language proficiency. Total scores are ranked from 1 to 10, with 1 representing the most deprived.
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