The use of plant materials in this study complies with international, national, and/or institutional guidelines. The seeds of N. benthamiana were originally obtained with permission from Japan Tobacco Inc. (Tokyo, Japan), which was the former workplace of C. Masuta; the company had distributed tobacco seeds (both wild and cultivated) free of charge to the researchers who use them for non-commercial purposes. Sampling of Cypripedium macranthos var. rebunense for isolation of OM fungi was conducted with permission of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan.
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