This was performed only in the hypertensive group to measure cardiac output. Short-axis steady-state free precession cines with whole left ventricular coverage (8 mm slice thickness, no slice gap, temporal resolution 38.1 ms, echo time 1.07 ms, in-plane pixel size 1.5×0.8 mm) were used for the estimation of left ventricular volumes, as previously described.12 In accordance with the Society of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance guidelines,13 a validated14 threshold-detection software package was used (cmr42, Circle Cardiovascular Imaging, Canada). Cardiac output was calculated using the left ventricular volumes measured.
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