Statistical analysis

We used two statistical approaches to compare the seven landscape metrics between crossing structure locations and ocelot-vehicle collision sites [29]. First, we used a sign test [46] to evaluate how frequently one location type has a larger value for a given metric; however, this test does not take into consideration the magnitude of the differences between medians. Second, we used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test [47] to compare medians of each landscape metric at all spatial extents at crossing structures to ocelot-vehicle collision sites. We report effect sizes as the maximum difference between the empirical distribution functions (D_max), which ranges from zero to one. Statistical analyses were conducted in SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). Because we conducted 154 Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests for comparisons between vehicle collision and random sites, we also summarized results using Bonferroni’s adjustment to p-values [48] for each set of comparisons.