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Data management and statistical analysis

EM Eman Mohamed Ibraheim Moawad
AT Amr Samir Fouad Tammam
MM Maha Mohamed Mosaad
HS Hadeer Mashaal El Sayed
AA Adel Atef
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Data were statistically described in terms of mean, standard deviation (± SD), median and range for qualitative data or frequencies (number of cases) and percentages for categorical data. Comparison of numerical variables between the study groups was done using the Student t test for independent samples when normally distributed and Mann Whitney U test for independent samples when not normally distributed. For comparing categorical data, Chi square (χ2) test was performed. When the expected frequency is < 5, Fisher’s exact test was used instead. The test of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) were also used. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. All statistical calculations were coded and entered using the statistical package SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 25.

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