The control group (Group C)

MA Mostafa Samy Abbas
SH Shimaa Abbas Hassan
AA Ahmed Mohamed Abbas
AT Amr Mohamed Thabet
AT Ahmed Mostafa Thabet
MM Magdy Mohammed Mahdy
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Patients received 1 ml of IV normal saline as a placebo one minute after spinal anesthesia.

Meanwhile, both patient and the anesthesiologists conducting anesthesia and assessing outcomes were blinded to patient allocation.

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