Intracellular HBc antigen was detected by immunofluorescence analysis. After washing, the cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.3% Triton X-100 to incubate with an anti-HBc antibody (neo marker) as a primary antibody and with Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 555 (Invitrogen) as a secondary antibody and 0.02% DAPI for nuclear staining as previously described [23]. The cells were observed by fluorescence microscopy BZ-X700 (Keyence, Osaka, Japan).
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