Psychological wellbeing was measured with five items taken from the WHO Quality of Life-BREF (2004), Diener et al. (1985), and Scheier et al. (1994). This measure was previously used in a study on the effect of gratitude on the wellbeing of breast cancer patients (Tomczyk et al., 2021). Examples of items are as: “I feel satisfied with myself” and “I look into the future with optimism.” Participants rated the items on a scale that had five points labeled (1) strongly disagree to (5) strongly agree. Psychological wellbeing was defined as the mean response to these five items; higher scores represented greater wellbeing.
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