Patient selection

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with acute poisoning who were admitted to our hospital from October 2017 to February 2019. In addition, 80 patients, who were admitted from February to May 2019, were enrolled in the validation cohort, including 55 patients with DVT and 25 without DVT.

The inclusion criteria were patients who had acute poisoning, and those who had undergone temporary femoral venous catheter insertion and hemoperfusion therapy. Patients who were enrolled in this study were continuously included, and treated with a uniform hemoperfusion regimen and heparinization regimen (including the configuration of prefilled fluid and the amount of heparin in tube sealing fluid). The duration of the hemoperfusion was 2 hours each time. The catheter types of femoral venous catheterization were consistent. Basic precautions were taken in all patients during treatment, including no fasting and water restriction (except contraindications), no restriction of movement if the condition permitted, and active or motionless movement of the lower limbs during catheterization. After deep venous catheterization was removed, DVT was determined according to venous ultrasound results of the lower limbs. GE LOGIQ E9 Doppler ultrasound equipment (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA) was used in a lower limb ultrasound examination, and the results were obtained by the hospital's qualified technicians.

The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) taking any drugs and poisons (e.g., aspirin, warfarin, and anticoagulant rat poison poisoning) that affect the function of blood coagulation; (2) having any basic diseases (e.g., primary diseases of the blood system and platelet-related diseases) that affect coagulation or the fibrinolytic system; and (3) incomplete medical records.