Demographic Characteristics and Anthropometric Measures

Demographic characteristics including age; gender (i.e., male or female); body mass index (BMI); education; drinking alcohol (i.e., yes/no); smoking (i.e., no, abandon tobacco, and current smoking); physical activity (i.e., never, 1–3 days/week, 4–6 days/week, and every day); reading habit (i.e., yes/no); watching TV and using the computer (yes/no); living status (i.e., living alone: yes/no); history of a disease, such as hyperlipidemia (i.e., yes/no), cerebrovascular accident (i.e., CVA, yes/no), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (i.e., yes/no); eating fish oil supplements (i.e., yes/no); and AD family history (i.e., yes/no) were collected by the self-administered questionnaire. Education level was evaluated according to the highest level attained and was classified into six categories (i.e., illiterate, primary school, junior high school, high school, junior college, and undergraduate and above). Anthropometric parameters (e.g., height and weight) were measured by nurses in the health center of the community. BMI was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in the square of height in meters.