Male adult rats (8 weeks, 180~220 g) were randomized by weight and anesthetized with isoflurane and subjected to intra-articular injection with 1.5 mg of MSU crystals dissolved in 50 μl PBS in one ankle joint. PBS only was given to the contralateral ankle as a control. Intra-articular administration of forskolin (30 μM), bucladesine (300 μM), SQ22536 (100 μM), and H-89 (10 μM) was given to animals 30 min earlier before MSU injection. Ankle swelling was tested using a Vernier caliper.
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