Cells or lung tissues were lysed with RIPA buffer containing protease and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (Selleck Chemicals, Houston, TX, USA). Protein concentrations were detected by the Bradford method. Western blotting was performed as before (Li et al., 2019). The primary antibodies α-SMA, collagen-I, E-cadherin, and vimentin were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA); Stat3, p-Stat3, Smad2/3, and p-Smad2/3 were from Cell Signaling Technology Company; β-actin were bought from ZSJQ-BIO (Beijing, China) and were involved in western blotting.
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