Data analysis: questionnaires and variables

The ACT-OUT has three parts. Part I includes a list of 25 pre-determined types of places, grouped into four domains: A/ consumer, administrative, and self-care places (n = 7); B/ places for medical care (n = 5); C/ social, cultural, and spiritual places (n = 6); and D/ places for recreational and physical activities (n = 7). The interview uses Part I to ask questions about whether respondents visit these places in the past, present, and future. Using Part II, the interviewer poses detailed questions about factors potentially influencing participation in places retained and abandoned, such as the types of activities performed, means of transportation, the presence of accompanying persons, risk perception, and familiarity. Part III consists of general questions about perceived out-of-home participation, life satisfaction, and attitudes towards risk-taking and stress factors.

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) [51] was used as a comprehensive screening tool for assessing and describing the level of cognitive functioning for both groups. It consists of sections focusing on diverse cognitive functions (e.g., memory, time and space orientation, visual perception). The total MoCA score reflects the cognitive level of each participant.

A socio-demographic questionnaire was used to collect data regarding age, gender, education, living arrangement, setting (urban/rural), and access to using a car.

For the purposes of this study, data from the ACT-OUT (Part I and III), the MoCA total score and socio-demographic questions were used.