Cell apoptosis

As previously described [³²], cell apoptosis of transfected cells was measured using a PI/Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA). Briefly, transfected cells were double-stained with propidium iodide and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-Annexin V and then were analyzed using a flow cytometer (Gallios, Beckman, USA) [³³]. Also, the caspase 3 activity in A549/CDDP and H1299/CDDP cells was determined using the Caspase 3 Activity Assay Kit (Beyotime, Shanghai, China), based on the user’s guidebook.