2.1. Reagents

Isobutyl methylxanthine, dexamethasone, insulin, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), ORO, 1,3,3-tetraethoxypropane, Nile red [9-diethylamino-5-benzo(α)phenoxazinone], and Griess reagent were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). RNAiso Plus, PrimeScript first-strand complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis kit, and SYBR Premix Ex Taq real-time PCR kit were purchased from Takara Bio Inc. (Otsu, Shiga, Japan). Antibodies against PPARγ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha (C/EBPα), phospho-Akt (Ser473), and Akt were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Primary antibody for β-actin was obtained from Sigma. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated antimouse and antirabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). Extracts of SG, RG, and WG were provided by Ginseng Science Inc. (Seoul, Korea).