Procedure

For Study 2, participants were recruited by students who participated in a Master’s course in Performance Management at the Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands. Each student recruited approximately 5 participants from their social network (e.g., parents and friends), and the students then used the collected data for their assignment. Participants had to be over the age of 18 and had to work a minimum of 3 days per week. Questionnaires were administered through Qualtrics. Because we conducted the study in the Netherlands, we also asked them to report their English level with a 7-point Likert scaling ranging from 1 (Not Sufficient) to 7 (Sufficient). Eight participants who reported an English level below three were removed from the analyses. The Ethical Review Board at the Eindhoven University of Technology approved this study, and this study was registered under this code: ERB2020IEIS20.