Visual evaluation of BaYMV disease resistance

For obtaining accurate visual evaluation, disease severity scores were conducted four times within seven-day intervals. Severity scores of 0 to 4 represent the damage caused by virus infection from light to severe (Fig. 1): 0 means healthy leaves with no symptoms of disease, 1 represents typical chlorotic spots, 2 indicates a quarter of the leaves display a yellow mosaic pattern, 3 represents more than half of the leaves display a yellow mosaic pattern, and 4 indicates more than three-quarters of the leaves display yellow mosaic pattern (Pan et al., 2021). Afterwards, a standardized area under the disease progress steps (sAUDPS) index was used for the evaluation of disease resistance, which can effectively combine and transform multiple investigations of disease grades into a single value for further GWAS analysis (Simko & Piepho, 2012).

BaYMV disease levels were divided into different levels of severity, 0 means healthy leaves with no symptoms of disease, 1 represents typical chlorotic spots, 2 represents a quarter of the leaves displaying a yellow mosaic pattern, 3 represents more than half of the leaves displaying a yellow mosaic pattern, and 4 represents more than three-quarters of the leaves displaying a yellow mosaic pattern.