Cell culture and lentiviral transduction

HeLa/S cells, 293T cells, mouse fibroblasts and mouse embryonic fibroblasts were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1× Antibiotic Antimycotic Solution (Corning, 30–004-CI). Nucleofection was performed according to the manufacture's protocol. Lentivirus-mediated gene transduction and silencing were performed as previously described [35, 36]. DNM TKO cells were generated as described previously [22]. Briefly, cells were treated with 3 μM 4-hydroxytamoxifen for 48 h and cultured for additional 3∼5 days before the usage.