2.2.8. Differential Gene Expression, Gene Ontology Enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway Enrichment Analyses

The differential gene expression analysis of the control sample and lauric acid treated sample was carried out using the DESeq software (Illumina^®; New England BioLabs, Inc., Ipswich, MA, USA). The p-values of the results are controlled and adjusted using Benjamini and Hochberg methods. The adjusted p-value < 0.05 was screened and labeled as DEG.

The enrichment analysis of the differential gene expression GO function (gene ontology) was done by the GOseq R software package [30]. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes [31] is a database resource for understanding and utilizing advanced functions of biological systems such as cells, organisms, and ecosystems, and mining information from molecular level information, especially large-scale molecular datasets (http://www.genome.jp/kegg/, accessed on 23 August 2021) generated by genome sequencing and other high-throughput experimental techniques.

The statistical enrichment analysis of DEGs in the KEGG pathway was carried out using the KOBAS [32] software. To analyze whether differentially expressed genes appear (over-presentation) in a certain pathway is the pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs; the enrichment degree of the pathway was analyzed by the enrichment factor (enrichment factor) and the enrichment significance was calculated by Fisher’s exact test.