Performance measures

DZ Daren Zhao
HZ Huiwu Zhang
QC Qing Cao
ZW Zhiyi Wang
SH Sizhang He
MZ Minghua Zhou
RZ Ruihua Zhang
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The fitting and prediction accuracy can be employed by the mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) [22]. The smaller the error is, the better the fitting effect [19]. In this paper, MAE, RMSE, and MAPE are applicable to evaluating the fitting and prediction accuracy of the three models, respectively, which are expressed as:

Where the X^t is the predicted value, Xt is the actual value and n is the sequence sample size [19].

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