CDSS is a nine item structured interview scale that was designed in 1990 specifically to assess depression independently of symptoms of psychosis in schizophrenia [35]. Items are graded on a 4-point Likert type scale (0, absent; 1, mild; 2, moderate; 3, severe). Higher scores indicating the presence of a major depressive episode (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.835). This scale has been previously used in Arabic [36].
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