There are three surgical methods for treating ONB: EEA, CFA, and the cranioendoscopic approach. The first step is tumor resection of the nasal cavity and sinuses. It is vital to identify the attachment of the tumor origin and resection of the sino-nasal component. The lamina papyracea, cribriform plate, fovea ethmoidalis, planum sphenoidale, dura, brain, olfactory bulbs, and tracts were resected depending on the extent of tumor involvement. The skull base is reconstructed in multiple layers, including the fascia lata of the thigh or mucosa flap, when available.
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