The bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study are listed in Table S1 in the supplemental material. All bacterial strains were grown at 37°C in LB (Fisher) with aeration or on LB agar plates. Antibiotics were used when appropriate (100 μg/mL streptomycin, 75 μg/mL kanamycin; 2.5 μg/mL chloramphenicol for V. cholerae and 25 μg/mL for E. coli). Ectopic expression constructs in V. cholerae were induced 20 min prior to ICP1 infection with 1 mM isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and 1.5 mM theophylline.
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