2.3. Cross-cultural adaptation of the TEIQue-SF from English to Swedish

During 2017–2018, a six-stage translation and adaptation process was used to adapt the TEIQue-SF (v. 1.5) from English to Swedish: forward translation by two different translation agencies, synthesis, back translation, harmonization, cognitive interviews, revisions, and pilot data sampling among 344 managers. This process was made in collaboration with the TEIQue-SF developer, K. V. Petrides, Professor of Psychology and Psychometrics at University College London. The Swedish version can be found here (https://psychometriclab.com/translations-of-teique/). Details of the translation procedure may be obtained from the authors. The Swedish version of this scale was successfully validated, controlled for desirable responding, against similar EI measures, personality traits, empathy, work engagement, perceived stress, coping resources, and individual work performance (Dåderman et al., 2019), as well as against personality traits and individual work performance (Hjalmarsson and Dåderman, 2020). In these studies, the coefficient alpha reliability for the global TEIQue-SF score varied between 0.80 and 0.86, which converges with internal reliabilities reported in validation studies by Petrides (2009b) and Petrides et al. (2010). However, reliability analyses by Hjalmarsson and Dåderman (2020) indicated that several TEIQue-SF items (13R, 22R, 23, 25R) possessed poor psychometric properties in terms of low (0.11–0.17) item-total correlations with the global trait EI scale score.