Plasmids

Human cDNAs encoding dominant-negative mutants of E2 enzymes were generated via PCR and inserted into the pRK5 vector. pMRX-Cre was obtained from S. Akira (Osaka University). Expression vectors for HOIL-1L-HA, Myc-HOIP and their deletion mutants were generated as previously described [66]. Human and mouse cDNAs encoding NEMO and NEMO mutants were inserted into the retrovirus vector pMXs obtained from T. Kitamura (University of Tokyo). Viral OTU cDNA was obtained from A. García-Sastre (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai). 3xκB-luc was obtained from S. Miyamoto (University of Wisconsin-Madison). Tax cDNA was obtained from J. Fujisawa (Kansai Medical University). Tax mutants were generated via PCR and inserted into the pCG vector.