2.4. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis

TLC analyzed the hydrolysis product in the supernatant. The samples (8 µL) were spotted on a silica gel 60 F245 plate and dried. The plate was placed in the TLC chamber with a mobile phase containing n-butanol, acetic acid, and water (2:1:1). After that, the plate was dried and sprayed with visualizing agents (4 g of α-diphenylamine, 4 mL of aniline, 200 mL of acetone, and 30 mL of 80% phosphoric acid) to detect sugars. The sugar spots were developed by heating the plate at 95°C for 10–15 min.