The encapsulation of inactivated BR-I AvCoV virions in chitosan nanoparticles (AvCoV-CS) was produced by an ionic gelation method as reported [20]. In brief, 0.6 mL of the virus in allantoic fluid (AF) was added dropwise to 5 mL of a solution of 0.05% chitosan (medium-weight molecular; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) at maximum stirring. Then, 1 mL of 0.1% sodium tripolyphosphate (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) solution was added dropwise to the solution under magnetic stirring and incubated for 10 min at room temperature.
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