2.6. Data Analysis

Data were analysed using SPSS version 22 and STATA version 16.1. Frequencies and proportions were used to analyse the data on hand hygiene self-assessment framework and hand hygiene facilities.

Hand hygiene compliance was determined as the percentage of observed hand hygiene actions (hand washing and/or use of alcohol-based hand rubs) in the total number of observed opportunities for hand hygiene. Data were presented separately for both hospitals. The chi-square test is used to determine differences in hospital compliance. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine any associations between ward, medical staff, and hand hygiene indications.

Parameters with a p-value < 0.25 in the univariate logistic regression model were fitted to the multivariable logistic regression model. The results were presented as crude odds ratio after univariate analysis, and as adjusted odds ratio (aOR) following multivariable analysis. A p-value < 0.05 at 95% confidence intervals (CI) was considered statistically significant.