Resource use was taken from the patient-level data and a bottom-up approach was applied to estimate the cost. The cost year was 2019 and the costs were identified and measured from the societal perspective. These items included medical and non-medical direct costs and indirect costs (lost productivity). 200 patients were interviewed in each treatment group and completed a data collection form. The data collection form was used to collect data, consisting of two parts: the first part collected demographic data of the patients and the second section collected information about the costs of physician visits, heart medications, BNP test, diagnostic and laboratory services, hospitalization and rehospitalization, nursing, special equipment, private service, accommodation and traveling. The costs of productivity loss due to heart failure were estimated by employing the human capital approach [30].
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