Externalizing symptoms were measured with the externalizing broadband of CBCL, including delinquent subscale with 13 items and aggressive subscale with 20 items. Item 21 belonged to both subscales, so this item was excluded from the delinquent subscale, similar to that in internalizing symptoms. In statistical analysis, excluding items with factor loadings less than 0.50, 4 items (excluding eight items) were summed and averaged for the delinquent subscale, and 14 items (excluding six items) were summed and averaged for the aggressive subscale. Cronbach’s α for the delinquent and aggressive subscales were 0.70, and 0.84, respectively (see Additional file 1: Table S3).
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