4.6. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA)

Gene symbols of the significant proteins identified were uploaded to the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA v10.2020, QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) server for in-depth knowledge analysis using the “Core Analysis” function (Fisher’s exact test (FET) p-value: 1 × 10⁻³). The upstream regulators were predicted by IPA using the default settings. The Venn diagram was generated using the “venn()” function in the R package gplots v3.0.1.1. The gene list enrichment analysis platform, EnrichR v01.07.2020 [71], at https://amp.pharm.mssm.edu/Enrichr/ (accessed on 16 December 2021) was used with the following libraries in this study: DisGenNet RDF v7.0, Broad’s Project Achilles, GO (v2015), Jensen Disease and Compartments (v2020), ReactomePA (v2015), WikiPathways (2019) and Pfam Domains (v2019). STRING v11 protein association network analysis was performed with a minimal interaction score of 0.400 (FET p-value: 1 × 10⁻³) [72].