Statistical Analysis

A chi-square test was performed to compare the categorical variables such as changes in health status, smoking, alcohol consumption, and exercise at moderate intensity or higher before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the factors associated with improving or worsening health behaviors. Demographic factors included in these regression analyses were sex, age, region, household income, education levels, supplementary private health insurance, marital status, occupation, and presence of chronic diseases. The results of the logistic regression analyses were presented with 95% CIs and adjusted odds ratio (aOR). Statistical significance was defined as a two-tailed P value <.05. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 23 (StataCorp LLC).