4.1. Population of B. tulda Studied

To study reproductive developments of bamboo, three populations of B. tulda, i.e., SHYM7 (Rahuta, Shyamnagar, West Bengal, India, 22.830829° N, 88.405029° E), SHYM16 (Rahuta, Shyamnagar, 22.829591° N, 88.409095° E) and BNDL23 (Rajhat, Bandel, West Bengal, India, 22.934348° N, 88.353255°E, Figure 1), which flowered sporadically were monitored for seven years from 2013–2020 (Figure 2). For the purpose of pollination experiments, BNDL23 and BNDL24 (Rajhat, Bandel, 22.932155° N, 88.355551° E) populations were used. Each population was separated by a distance of at least 300 m and were composed of ~10–50 clumps (=genets) [78], out of which flowering was recorded in 1–5 clump. Each clump was comprised of ~7–52 culms (=ramets), and in few rare incidents >70 culms were present. The height of an individual culm ranged from 15–20 m and diameter from 49–55 mm. All these populations were of mixed type and composed of B. tulda along with other bamboo species (~1:3). The number of flowering clumps and culm in each studied population were recorded for seven consecutive years (Table 1).