The pH of frozen samples was determined according to the standard AOAC method 943.02 [19] and Wangtueai et al. (2021) [18]. It was determined by homogenizing each sample (2 g) in 20 mL of distilled water. The homogenized sample was measured using a pH meter (Ohaus ST3100-B Starter Benchtop, SPCRT Co., Ltd., Parsippany, NJ, USA).
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