Echocardiographic examination was performed using a Vivid ultrasound (E9 or E95) system (GE, Horten, Norway) or a Philips ultrasound (EPIQ 7 or CVx) system. Left ventricular (LV) and left atrial dimensions were measured in 2-D parasternal long axis view; LVEF was estimated using the bi-plane Simpson’s method; diastolic function was analysis based on mitral Doppler inflow and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) at the lateral and septal mitral annulus, while pulmonary artery pressure was calculated by the maximal tricuspid regurgitation velocity [9,10].
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