pH was measured using an Orion Research Expandable ionAnalyzer EA 920. Absorbance measurements were made with an HP 8452A diode array spectrophotometer. Stopped-flow data were collected using a Hi-Tech SF-661 DX2 instrument (TgK Scientific Limited, Bradford-on-Avon, United Kingdom) equipped with a xenon arc lamp, a 1.00 cm path length quartz sample cell, and a photomultiplier tube for monochromatic detection or a diode array for collection of polychromatic data.
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