Statistical Analysis

In our pilot study, higher percent of the HCWs (9/15, 60%) had reported stigma. Taking this value as reference, the minimum required sample size with 10% margin of error and 5% level of significance was 118 patients. We recruited 120 HCWs for our study.

After collection of data, it was double-entered in Microsoft Excel sheet and validated. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics, including mean ± SD, were used to characterize the study population. Shapiro–Wilk test was used to determine the normality of data. Nonparametric tests, such as Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis H tests, were used for two groups and for more than two groups, respectively. Association between categorical variables was assessed using Chi-square test (or Fisher's exact test). In logistic regression model, significant factors of stigma in univariate analysis, such as age, gender, education, designation, and marital status, were included, and p-value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant.