Insulin-Resistance Model and Glucose Uptake in HepG2 Cells

The HepG2 cells were transferred into 6-well plates at 5 × 10⁵ cells/well for 24 h. Then, the cells were transfected with 2.5 μg of the PTP1B plasmid by using the Lipo8000 transfection reagent to establish an insulin-resistant model and incubated in serum-free DMEM with or without 100 μg/mL different components of FYGL.³⁰ Ultimately, the cells were stimulated with 10 U/mL insulin for 25 min and incubated in serum-free DMEM media for 24 h to test glucose uptake by the glucose oxidase method as described previously.³¹