An XFe24 analyzer (Seahorse Bioscience, MA) was applied to measure the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of mitochondria. The HCEC cells were cultured in a fibronectin-coated (0.01 mg/mL fibronectin, 0.03 mg/mL bovine collagen type I and 0.01 mg/mL bovine serum albumin) XF24 V7 plate at 3×104 cells/well. The HCEC cells were kept overnight in HCEC complete medium and then replaced by fresh HCEC complete medium (pH=7.4) at 1 hr before measurement. The OCR was measured before and after added the indicated chemicals (1 μM oligomycin A, 2 μM FCCP and 1 μM rotenone with 1 μM antimycin A) at 37°C. The results are presented in pmol/min/μg protein.
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