Statistical analysis

The CB&M, BBS, TUG, and FRT assessments were scored according to the test instructions, and a summary score was derived for each. Data were entered into SPSS for Windows (version 23). Scatterplots were drawn to examine the relationship between CB&M, BBS, TUG, and FRT. A Shapiro-Wilk test (p > .05) and visual inspection of their histograms, normal Q –Q plots, and box plots showed that the scores were approximately normally distributed for stage 2 &3 Hoehn & Yahr with the skewness of -. 149 (SE = .393) and a Kurtosis of – .981 (SE = .768) for the subjects in Stage 2 and a skewness of .760 (SE = .661) and a kurtosis of .443 (SE = 1.279) for subjects in Stage 3. Bivariate correlation among all the measures was calculated; with the degree of relation between the indicators assessed by using Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r). The floor and ceiling effects were calculated as the percentage of the sample scoring the minimum or maximum possible scores, respectively. The ceiling effect was defined only in the clinical assessment that had a clear maximum score of 96 on CB&M and 56 on BBS. Sub-group correlation analysis of CB&M, BBS, TUG, and FRT in stages 2 & 3 during ON and OFF medication was carried out using Spearman Correlation Coefficient (rho). All probability (p) values in this study were calculated within a confidence interval of 95%. The significance was set up at p>/=0.05. Fallers and Non-fallers.